Papias on the Four Marys

This exploration delves into a fragment attributed to Papias of Hierapolis, preserved within a medieval dictionary, which identifies and distinguishes between four Marys present in the Gospels. This fragment offers insight into early attempts to reconcile and understand the roles of various women named Mary in the New Testament narratives.

Identifying the Four Marys

The fragment meticulously lists four distinct Marys:

1. Mary, the mother of the Lord.
2. Mary, the wife of Cleophas or Alphæus, identified as the mother of James the bishop and apostle, Simon, Thaddeus, and Joseph.
3. Mary Salome, wife of Zebedee, and mother of John the Evangelist and James.
4. Mary Magdalene. (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)

This enumeration aims to clarify the relationships and identities of these women, who often appear in different contexts throughout the Gospels.

Family Connections and Interpretations

The fragment goes further, attempting to establish familial relationships between these Marys and other figures in the Gospels. James, Judas, and Joseph are identified as sons of the Lord's aunt (Mary, the wife of Cleophas). James and John are identified as sons of another aunt (Mary Salome). Mary (wife of Alphæus) is described as the sister of Mary, the mother of the Lord, whom John calls "of Cleophas." (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)

The text also addresses potential ambiguities in the names. Mary Salome is called Salome, the text states, either from her husband or her village. A possibility is raised that Mary Salome is the same as Mary of Cleophas because she had two husbands. (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)

Significance of the Fragment

This fragment provides a glimpse into the efforts of early Christians to harmonize and interpret the Gospel accounts. By distinguishing between the different Marys and suggesting familial connections, the text seeks to create a cohesive understanding of these important figures within the narrative of Jesus' life and ministry.

The fact that this fragment was found in a medieval dictionary highlights its continued relevance and use throughout history, indicating a persistent desire to understand these key figures of the New Testament. The identification and differentiation of these women is an example of early biblical interpretation and harmonization.