Symbols of the Cross in Early Christian Thought

This exploration delves into the symbolic significance of the cross in early Christian thought, drawing upon interpretations from historical texts. We will examine how the cross was understood not merely as an instrument of execution, but as a profound symbol of power, salvation, and a ubiquitous presence in the world.

The Ubiquity of the Cross

Early Christian writers saw the form of the cross reflected in numerous aspects of the natural world and human endeavors. This perspective elevated the cross from a symbol of suffering to one of encompassing influence.

For consider all the things in the world, whether without this form they could be administered or have any community. (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)

This suggests that the cross, as a structural or formative principle, was seen as essential for order and functionality in the world.

Examples in Daily Life

The text provides specific examples to illustrate this point:

• Maritime Navigation: "For the sea is not traversed except that trophy which is called a sail abide safe in the ship." (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt). The sail, with its cross-like shape when deployed, enables ships to navigate the sea.
• Agriculture: "And the earth is not ploughed without it: diggers and mechanics do not their work, except with tools which have this shape." (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt). Ploughing, a fundamental agricultural practice, relies on tools bearing the cross's form. Similarly, the tools of various trades incorporate this shape.
• Human Form: "And the human form differs from that of the irrational animals in nothing else than in its being erect and having the hands extended, and having on the face extending from the forehead what is called the nose, through which there is respiration for the living creature; and this shows no other form than that of the cross." (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt). The erect posture of humans, with outstretched arms and the prominence of the nose, was interpreted as a reflection of the cross.

The Cross as a Symbol of Power

Beyond its pervasive presence, the cross was also understood as a symbol of power and dominion. Even secular authorities, unknowingly, employed it to signify their rule.

And the power of this form is shown by your own symbols on what are called "vexilla" [banners] and trophies, with which all your state possessions are made, using these as the insignia of your power and government, even though you do so unwittingly. (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)

The use of cross-shaped symbols on banners and trophies by the state indicated a recognition, albeit unconscious, of the cross's inherent power.

Consecration of Emperors

The act of consecrating deceased emperors with this form further highlights the cross's perceived potency.

And with this form you consecrate the images of your emperors when they die, and you name them gods by inscriptions. (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)

This practice suggests a belief in the cross's ability to elevate and bestow divine status.

The Breath of Life

The passage connects the cross to the very breath of life.

And so it was said by the prophet, "The breath before our face is the Lord Christ." (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)

This statement elevates the cross to a symbol of the divine presence and the source of vitality. It suggests that Christ, represented by the cross, is intimately connected with the sustaining force of life itself.

Conclusion

The early Christian understanding of the cross extended far beyond its historical context as an instrument of execution. It was perceived as a symbol deeply embedded in the fabric of the world, representing power, functionality, and even the breath of life. This broad symbolic interpretation transformed the cross into a ubiquitous emblem of Christ's presence and influence.