The Dawn of Theological Literature
The period immediately following the apostles witnessed the emergence of something entirely new: theological literature. This era, often referred to as the sub-apostolic age, saw the rise of individuals who sought to articulate and defend the message of Jesus in a way that engaged the intellectual currents of the time. It marked a significant shift from the oral tradition and practical teachings of the apostles to a more systematic exploration of doctrine and its implications for life.
The First Christian Author
The text identifies the beginning of this era with "the first Christian author,--the founder of theological literature" (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt). This individual, deeply influenced by Greek philosophy and culture, represents a bridge between the world of classical learning and the nascent Christian movement. His conversion, a culmination of searching through various philosophical systems, highlights the appeal of Jesus to those seeking deeper meaning and truth.
Engaging with the Philosophical World
The pioneers of theological literature didn't operate in a vacuum. They actively engaged with the dominant philosophies of the day, such as Stoicism and Platonism. The document highlights how figures like Seneca and Plutarch, while not explicitly converting to the message of Jesus, reflected the influence of the gospel in their writings. Hadrian's address to his soul on his deathbed is presented as a "tribute to the new ideas which had been sown in the popular mind" (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt). This demonstrates the pervasive impact of the gospel, even on those who did not fully embrace it.
Confronting Imperial Power
The rise of theological literature also coincided with a period of intense persecution. Figures like the Antonines, who sought to rule as "philosophers," were confronted by individuals like the aforementioned first author. The text specifically mentions him challenging the prevailing wisdom of the philosophers on the throne, arguing that true wisdom must be accessible to all and capable of transforming society. This confrontation highlights the inherent tension between the exclusive nature of certain philosophies and the inclusive message of Jesus.
The Power of Regenerating Words
This author exposed the limitations of even Socratic philosophy, contrasting it with the "force that works in the words of Jesus" (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt). He emphasized the "regenerating power" of Jesus' message, a power that went beyond mere intellectual assent to transform lives. The document makes it clear that this author's mission was to bring the message of Jesus to the intellectual elite.
Conclusion
The emergence of theological literature in the sub-apostolic age was a pivotal moment. It marked the transition from a primarily oral tradition to a more systematized and intellectually robust articulation of the gospel. These early authors grappled with the philosophical and political realities of their day, seeking to demonstrate the relevance and transformative power of Jesus in a world grappling with profound questions about meaning, purpose, and the nature of reality. Their efforts laid the groundwork for the development of Christian theology and continue to influence discussion today.