The Significance of Sunday in Early Christian Worship
The observance of Sunday holds a central place in Christian tradition. Examining early Christian practices reveals the foundational reasons for its importance.
The Gathering on Sunday
Early Christians gathered on Sunday for communal worship and fellowship. This practice is highlighted in the writings of Justin Martyr.
And on the day called Sunday, all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits; then, when the reader has ceased, the president verbally instructs, and exhorts to the imitation of these good things. (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)
This passage illustrates the structured nature of these gatherings, which included readings from scripture, instruction from leaders, and prayer.
Reasons for Choosing Sunday
Justin Martyr outlines the theological reasons for choosing Sunday as the primary day for Christian assembly.
But Sunday is the day on which we all hold our common assembly, because it is the first day on which God, having wrought a change in the darkness and matter, made the world; and Jesus Christ our Saviour on the same day rose from the dead. (Source: Document: 1739749258570-eotm94-anf01.txt)
Two key events are cited: God's creation of the world and the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The resurrection, occurring on the first day of the week, is particularly significant as it marks a new beginning and the triumph over death.
Elements of the Worship Service
The gatherings on Sunday involved several key elements, showcasing the holistic nature of early Christian worship.
- Scripture Readings: The memoirs of the apostles and the writings of the prophets were read aloud.
- Instruction and Exhortation: The president of the assembly provided verbal instruction and exhorted the congregation to emulate the good examples found in the scriptures.
- Prayer: The community would rise together and pray.
- Eucharist: Bread, wine, and water were brought forth, and the president offered prayers and thanksgivings. This was followed by a distribution and participation in the eucharistic elements.
- Charity: Collections were taken to support orphans, widows, the sick, those in bonds, and strangers in need.
This comprehensive approach addressed the spiritual, intellectual, and physical needs of the community.
Conclusion
The early Christian observance of Sunday was rooted in foundational theological beliefs and expressed through communal worship, instruction, and acts of charity. The emphasis on both creation and resurrection highlights the transformative power of God and the central role of Jesus Christ in Christian faith. The Sunday gathering served as a vital means of fostering community, reinforcing doctrine, and ministering to those in need.